Persian carpets are more than floor coverings—they’re woven stories, rich in symbolism and artistry. Understanding Persian carpet design types helps you appreciate not only the beauty of the rug but also its cultural and regional significance. In this guide, we explore the most iconic Persian design types and the motifs that bring them to life.

Why Design Types Matter

The design of a Persian rug reflects the weaver’s heritage, the region where it was made, and the story it’s meant to tell. Whether crafted by a nomadic tribe or in a city workshop, each pattern carries meaning—ranging from spiritual protection to fertility, the natural world, or even historical narratives.

Main Persian Carpet Design Types

Medallion

• Large central medallion surrounded by floral or symmetrical elements
• Common in Tabriz, Kerman, Mashad

All-Over (Repeating)

• Repeating motifs evenly spaced across the rug
• Often uses the Herati, Boteh, or floral lattice patterns

• Found in Heriz, Bakhtiari, Bidjar

Garden Design

• Divided into square or rectangular panels, symbolizing Persian gardens
• Popular in Bakhtiari rugs

Pictorial

• Features scenes with people, animals, architecture, or stories from Persian history
• Typical of Kashmar and Qum carpets

Panel

• Structured layout of framed motifs in boxes or columns
• Seen in Kashan and Bakhtiari pieces

Tribal/Geometric

• Bold, angular designs with symbolic meaning
• Often woven by Shiraz, Qashqai, and Hamadan tribes

Common Persian Carpet Motifs and Their Meanings

Herati: Fish surrounding a flower — symbolizes protection and water

Boteh: Paisley-like shape — symbolises fertility, eternity, and fire

Gul: Rosette or flower medallion — especially used in Turkoman tribal rugs

Cypress Tree: Symbol of life after death and endurance in Persian gardens

Mihrab: The prayer niche or arch seen in prayer rugs — symbolizes spiritual connection